Everyone's favorite and the long-awaited holiday season have begun, the sea, sandy beaches, delicious fruits, and sunbathing. Everyone wants to relax in the sun, whether on a white sandy beach on the shores of the azure sea or a green lawn in the country. But does everyone know how to sunbathe correctly so as not to peel off the next day after spending a sleepless night in a moisturizer? Whatever you decide to get your tan, read on for our tips! 

 

Tips for the best tan

 

Even though the sun has a beneficial effect on us (it increases the level of serotonin, stimulates the production of vitamin D, and strengthens the immune system), it still has its drawbacks: the risk of getting burned, aging prematurely or getting skin cancer. But all the disadvantages can be reduced to zero by following the simple rules for sunbathing.

 

Rule 1: Don't Forget Your Sunscreen

It would seem that everyone knows about it. However, how do you choose one that will protect your skin? Different creams provide different levels of protection, which is indicated by the SPF index.

 

The level of SPF (sun protection factor) determines the effectiveness of counteracting UV radiation on the skin treated with the cream. For example, if your cream has an SPF-20 index, you can get a UV dose without harm to health 20 times more than without using a protective agent. SPF only protects the skin from group B UV rays, which are dangerous for our health.

 

On sunscreen packages, SPF ranges from 2 to 50. It's essential to determine your skin type. Scientists identify six phototypes, read the descriptions and look for matches:

 

 

Phototype 1: people with blond hair, fair skin, and light eyes. Representatives of this type most often burn the sun. It is recommended to stay in the sun for no more than 15 minutes without protection. Creams with SPF-30 and above are suitable.

 

Phototype 2: people with blond or red hair, gray eyes, and fair skin, often with freckles. Recommended time in the sun: 20 - 30 minutes; creams with SPF-20, and then a minimum of SPF-10.

 

Phototype 3: people with dark hair, brown eyes, and swarthy skin. Recommended time in the sun: up to 40 minutes without additional protection. To prevent burns while tanning, you need to use creams with SPF-15 only after arriving on vacation and SPF-6 after three to four days.

 

Phototype 4: brunettes with dark eyes and swarthy skin. Such people often do not suffer from sunlight, but for prevention, it is better to use a cream with SPF-8.

 

5 and 6 phototypes: people with very dark (up to black) skin. They can spend much time in the sun without protection and only use moisturizers.

 

Have you identified your phototype? Excellent! However, it is essential to know the rules for applying sunscreen:

 

1. Apply 20 minutes before sunbathing.

 

2. Do not forget to reapply the cream according to the instructions.

 

Rule 2: tan gradually

If everything were simple, spend a few hours in the sun and immediately get the desired tan for the whole year! But don't even dream about it. As practice shows, adherents of this method most often suffer from the negative consequences of sunburn.

 

The dark pigment that gives our skin its brown color is called melanin. But besides providing shade to the skin, it has another vital function - a protective mechanism that protects the skin from UV rays! Melanin creates a protective barrier around skin cells that scatters dangerous UVB rays. That is why it is essential to accumulate melanin gradually: sunbathe on the first day for 10-15 minutes before lunch and 15-20 after. For a positive effect, add every day for 10 minutes, preventing the skin from reddening in the sun.

 

Rule 3: Prepare your skin for tanning

Before sunbathing, cleaning the skin of impurities and dead cells is essential. So it will be easier for her to accumulate melanin. You can do this with soft scrubs, a washcloth, or an exfoliating glove. But don't be zealous. It is enough to cleanse the skin in this way once a week and a half.

 

Rule 4: Don't be in the sun in the middle of the day

The more direct sunlight hits the skin, the more UV it receives. The maximum radiation falls on the time from 10:00 to 16:00. If the health of the skin and the body is dear to you, it is better not to show yourself in the sun at this time. Go outside at this time in light clothes with long sleeves.

 

It is safest to sunbathe before 10 am and in the evening after 4 pm.

 

Rule 5: protect the body from the inside

Don't worry; you don't need to eat sunscreen for this. To do this, some products help reduce the adverse effects of UV rays due to the high content of antioxidants. So what are these products:

 

• fatty fish rich in omega-3: mackerel, tuna, salmon.
• red and orange vegetables and fruits: tomatoes, peppers, oranges, apricots
• any cabbage: broccoli, leafy, cauliflower
• teas: green and black

 

 

In addition, there are products that, on the contrary, can increase the negative effect of the sun on the skin, for example, yogurt, cheese, or whole milk.

 

Rule 6: know the measure.

It makes no sense to sunbathe all day since the body stops producing melanin after 2-3 hours of exposure to the sun. So 4-5 hours in the sun will not give you a chocolate or bronze tan but will only increase the risk of skin damage.

 

Rule 7: take care of your skin after sunburn.

If you want to keep your tan for longer, do not forget to moisturize your skin after sunbathing. This is important because the body treats excess melanin as a wake-up call that signals damage to the skin. That is why he seeks to quickly get rid of the top tanned layer, making it drier. So it was easier for the body to eliminate damaged cells and exfoliate them.

 

Use moisturizing creams and lotions and wait with scrubs and rough washcloths.

 

Well, here are, perhaps, the basic rules that will provide you with the perfect tan!

 

First aid and treatment for sunburnt skin

 

From the first warm spring days to the beginning of autumn frosts, dressing as lightly as possible is pleasant to show a beautiful figure. Many spend weekends and vacations on the beach, taking their children with them, believing that sunbathing is suitable for their health. It has been established that exposure to the sun strengthens the immune system, promotes the production of vitamin D, and improves the condition of bone tissues. A soft golden or dark chocolate tan is associated with travel and adventure, holidays on the sea coast, and tropical islands.

 

But intense exposure to ultraviolet rays is not suitable for health. Sunburn is a protective reaction of the skin, leading to a change in its color. The coloring pigment melanin is produced in its lower layers to protect against ultraviolet radiation. With prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, skin photoagingaccelerates, wrinkles form faster, and the risk of developing neoplasms increases. Another danger of sun exposure is burnt skin. Pain for negligence will be a pain, peeling, or a general deterioration in well-being.

 

What to do if the skin is sunburned

You can get burned on the beach, walking around the city, working on an individual plot, etc. The sun gradually heats the skin and the head,d a person does not feel discomfort for a long time but notices redness, burning, and tightness when the skin is severely burned. Minor burns can be treated at home, but if blisters develop, see a doctor.

 

You must go into the room or the shade at the first sign of burning or overheating. If this is not possible, cover open areas of the body with clothes, a towel, or a thick cloth. Replenish the lack of fluid in the body. Drink clean, cool water or warm but not hot tea. To reduce discomfort, if there are no blisters, or open wounds, apply an after-sun cream or other emollient, such as Panthenol, to the skin. If the damage is minor, restoring the skin after a sunburn will take 3-5 days.

 

Signs of sunburned skin

To prevent deep burns, you must periodically check for burning signs in the sun. The first symptom is redness of the skin. Pain and another discomfort may not be felt. They show up later.

 

It is necessary to determine the degree of damage to the skin. If there is redness or mild pain but no blisters, you need to provide first aid, and the redness will pass after a few days. Perhaps the skin will begin to peel off. This is not dangerous but increases the risk of a second, more severe burn when exposed to the sun.

 

If blisters appear, you need to consult a doctor and treat them with anti-burn ointments, drugs that relieve inflammation and prevent infection. Treatment takes place under the supervision of a physician. Patients often have a fever, swelling, headaches, weakness, and palpitations.

 

First aid

If there are burns from sunburn, you need to get dressed and go into the shade or the room. A cool (but not cold) shower or a compress on the affected body parts will help relieve unpleasant symptoms. Cool and cleanse your skin. To quickly restore the damaged epidermis and prevent the appearance of blisters, and peeling, apply an anti-burn ointment with panthenol on it.

 

If blisters appear, cool the skin, wash with clean water without soap, apply an ointment, and then visit a doctor. He will prescribe a treatment to avoid infection of the wounds that appear after the blisters burst.

 

If a significant body surface is burned, a person has a fever, dizziness, palpitations, nausea, or vomiting; you need to give an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory drug (Nurofen or others) and quickly deliver it to a medical facility or call an ambulance. Sunburn can cause disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

 

Folk remedies

First aid for burns caused by ultraviolet radiation should be provided as soon as possible. But not always in the home first-aid kit; there are the necessary medicines. They can be replaced with folk remedies. To improve the general condition without antipyretics, you can drink cool black or green tea with lemon and mineral water if the temperature has risen slightly. You can apply a cool compress to your forehead.

 

To cool and soothe burned skin, you can make a gauze compress from excellent green tea, a decoction of parsley, chamomile, calendula, and oak bark. If the face turns red after going to the beach or walking on a sunny day, you can apply fresh cabbage leaves and chopped parsley to the burnt places and grease them with honey. They will help with minor burns and prevent peeling, and you will look good the next day. To reduce the risk of infection of burned areas and moisturize them, you can rub the skin with aloe leaves.

 

What not to do with sunburn

Complications after sunburn often arise due to improper treatment. So that they pass without consequences:

 

• do not apply ice to burned areas, do not take a cold shower - a sharp temperature drop will accelerate the development of the inflammatory process;
• do not puncture blisters with a needle or other sharp objects - this increases the risk of infection;
• do not wipe the skin with alcohol-containing solutions - it needs to be moisturized, and alcohol dries it, which will increase peeling;
• do not lubricate burned areas with olive, sunflower, or other vegetable oils - they form a greasy film, which prevents regular air exchange and natural cooling;
• if there are blisters, there are wounds, or acne - do not apply fermented milk products;
• do not use hard washcloths or peels to speed up exfoliation; you can injure the skin.

 

At this time, you need to soften it, moisturize, and protect it from ultraviolet radiation with sunscreen or tight clothes, do not use scrubs, or hard washcloths, do not go to the sauna, and do not take hot baths.

 

How to choose a cosmetic product that protects against ultraviolet radiation

Sun cream can have different levels of protection. SPF denotes it with various coefficients. For a walk around the city on a clear spring day, a cream with SPF 2-5 is enough. If you are going to be on the street for several hours (picnic, work in the garden), you need a remedy with SPF 5-10. For those with white skin prone to freckling, it is best to use sunscreen products that provide intense protection (SPF 20-30). If you vacation to a hotter region, take an SPF 50 cream with you, such as Avene cream. If you want to swim, use a waterproof product. Sunscreen should be applied 20 minutes before leaving the house.

 

Choose products containing vitamins and antioxidants to look good on hot days and prevent the appearance of early wrinkles. They protect not only from ultraviolet rays but also take care of the skin.

 

How to choose creams after sunburn

To make the skin recover quickly after sunbathing, and look beautiful and fresh, use an after-sun cream or milk. It contains hydrants that replenish water in cells and soothing and softening ingredients that prevent flaking. To quickly pass minor burns, you can use not medicinal but cosmetics. It is convenient to use cosmetics that are available in the form of sprays, for example, Avene. By pressing the sprayer several times, you will evenly apply the product.

 

Sprays or creams are available that need to be rubbed with light massage movements for the face and body. It is better to purchase two products of the same brand: one for the front, where the skin is more delicate and demanding to care for, and the other for the body. Use them every time you go out in the sun to rehydrate and prevent photoaging.

 

After-sun cosmetics are available for different skin types. For oily, a lighter texture is needed; for dry, high hyaluronic acid content; for sensitive, aloe extract and other medicinal plants.

 

Prevention of sunburn

For the tan to look beautiful and there to be no burns, you need to dose your exposure to the sun. The best sunbathing is before 10-11 am and after 4-5 pm. Try not to go out in the sun between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. Wear wide-brimmed hats, peaked caps, or other head coverings to protect your face and body from direct sunlight. Do not forget about eye protection - sunglasses will help maintain vision and slow down the formation of wrinkles in the corners of the eyes.

 

On hot days, dress in loose, light-colored clothing made from natural fabrics. It reflects ultraviolet rays well and does not interfere with air exchange. If you have delicate, fair skin prone to sunburn, cover your shoulders and back, choose dresses, shirts, and long-sleeved T-shirts.

 

Drink more clean water and tea, but give up sugary carbonated drinks and coffee. They have a diuretic effect and accelerate the loss of moisture. And it is needed by the body to release sweat and naturally cool the skin.

 

Apply sunscreen regularly to exposed areas of your body, even if you have to walk down the street for a short time on a sunny day. At the beach, renew it every 2 hours and after swimming.

 

A good primer should smooth out skin imperfections on the face and keep the make-up in perfect condition for as long as possible. We have collected the most effective makeup bases - read and choose the one that is right for you.

Facial primers are a controversial product. Today there are a huge number of them on the market and it is not so easy to find a quality makeup base. It is not always clear whether it is needed at all. Let's try to figure it out, and at the same time, we will tell you about those basics for makeup, which, in our opinion, are worth paying attention to.

What is a makeup base?

Primers solve several problems at once:

• Mask imperfections, age spots, uneven tone.
• Makes skin texture smoother.
• Improve the properties of tonal products and increase the durability of makeup.
• A primer cannot replace either foundation or skin care creams, it has a narrow, limited functionality. The basis for makeup does not have to be in a woman's cosmetic bag. However, you can’t do without it if you need impeccable and persistent make-up.

It is important to know that many makeup bases necessarily contain silicones, so due to frequent use, skin pores can become clogged, which will provoke rashes on the face. To prevent this from happening, thoroughly cleanse your skin every evening and, if possible, use a make-up base, not every day.

How to choose a primer according to skin type?

Today, the beauty industry offers a large selection of makeup bases. You need to choose those products that are most suitable for the type and color of the skin.

Normal skin

For normal skin types, a brightening make-up base with sunscreen is ideal. A primer with reflective particles is also suitable.

Dry skin

For dry skin types, it is recommended to use light moisturizing makeup bases with a creamy or oily consistency. To give the face visual moisture, use a product with a shimmer.

Oily skin

For oily skin types, a make-up base is best suited to mattify and mask pores. It will control the appearance of oily sheen throughout the day. The primer can be either water-based or silicone-based. If the skin has inflammation and redness, use a base with a green tint.

Combination skin

For combination skin, you can take a mattifying makeup base and apply it only to problem areas. On other "dry" areas, use a moisturizing primer.

Sensitive skin

For sensitive skin, you will need a makeup base, with the function of protecting against toxins, toxins, and negative environmental factors. Look for fragrance-free products. If redness and inflammation often appear on the skin, choose a color-correcting primer with a green pigment.

Is there a difference between budget and luxury makeup bases?

Unfortunately, there is no definitive answer here. Choosing a good makeup base requires personal experience. The most important thing in any cosmetic product is how it suits your skin. Hence the relativity of rankings - what has become a panacea for a thousand lucky ones, for you may turn out to be a waste of money.

When choosing a primer, pay attention to the following:

• how effectively it evens out the complexion, hides skin imperfections;
• how long does it keep makeup in perfect condition;
• what type of skin is suitable for.

To make it easier for you to navigate, we have compiled a list of 19 good makeup bases, one of which is potentially suitable for you.

Face Primer Urban Defense Complexion Primer SPF 30, Urban Decay

It is a pleasure to apply it on the skin: the delicate gel texture does not leave any stickiness or film feeling! And the composition itself makes the skin smooth and prepares for the application of foundation, minimizing bumps and pores. You can be calm about the skin, especially in spring and summer: with this primer, care and sun protection are provided.

The basis for the perfect complexion Le Blanc de Chanel Multi-Use Illuminating Base, Chanel

This makeup base is indispensable for creating a flawless look, because it is suitable for any skin tone, hiding visible imperfections and gently illuminating the face. In addition, the product contains caring elements (witch hazel extract, licorice extract and a moisturizing complex) that help preserve the beauty of the skin.

Multifunctional primer Naked Face Balancing Primer, Holika Holika

This tool pleases even externally: inside the bottle there are capsules of three different shades, which, mixing when the dispenser is pressed, give a base that adapts to skin color. The mixture is dense enough to even out the microrelief of the face and last for several hours. Another plus is that you will need significantly less foundation, because the primer provides the necessary undertone.

Cellular Performance Glow Makeup Base Brightening Make-Up Base, Sensai

This base immediately deeply moisturizes, smoothes and brightens the skin, giving firmness and radiance - so that wrinkles and unevenness become less noticeable. A special complex of apricot essence, OH-neutralizer, hyaluronate and collagen stimulators helps the base to fight the first signs of aging. They prevent loss of tone and neutralize pigmentation.

Pore-covering makeup base Master Prime, Maybelline New York

This primer from Maybelline perfectly evens out the texture of the skin, giving it a delicate glow. And at the same time pleases with a very affordable price!

Waterproof face primer You better work! Gym-proof Primer Essence

Thanks to its special waterproof formula, this primer not only hides skin imperfections, but also prevents makeup from "floating" from sweat or heat - ideal for holidays or active workouts, if it is important for you to look "on parade". Bonus: UV filter with SPF 20.

Leveling face primer Prime and Fine Pore Refining Anti-Shine Base, Catrice

The lightweight texture of this primer ensures perfect pairing with any foundation and extra hold. No unwanted shine and enlarged pores!

Makeup base, concealing redness, Base Full HD 16 hours, Eveline

Worried about redness, vascular network and manifestations of rosacea? Then you need the Full HD Base 16 hours from Eveline - the perfect camouflage tool. By the way, she also mattes.

Makeup base Prisme Primer Color Correcting, Givenchy

This makeup base has a light, velvety texture, easy to apply and blends well. The coating is quite dense without the "mask effect". Moreover, this primer not only masks imperfections (it is especially good at fighting dark circles around the eyes), but also gives the skin elasticity over and over again due to vegetative

x extracts in the composition.

Face primer with reflective particles Perfect Glow Primer, Thalgo

Marine spring water and verbena extract, together with reflective particles and color-correcting pigment, give a stunning effect. Firstly, the caring ingredients really take care of the skin - and its natural color evens out over and over again. Secondly, the tone becomes radiant, as if glowing from within.

Primer for flawless skin Smooth Affair Facial Primer & Brightener, Jane Iredale

A sheer, mineral-based soft pink, this primer is virtually invisible on the skin, but that doesn't stop it from effectively tightening pores, unifying skin texture, and giving it a luxurious matte finish. In addition, the formula of the product is enriched with plant components that have an anti-aging effect. Namely - extracts of grapefruit, apple, green and white tea, algae and olive leaves.

Prelude in the Clouds Aqua Base, Rouge Bunny Rouge

This moisturizing foundation is 70% water and literally hydrates the skin for the whole day. Ideal as a make-up base! It contains extracts of sea buckthorn and Florentine iris root, bisabolol and vitamins A and E. With regular use, you will notice that your skin has become softer and more elastic, and inflammation and irritation have decreased.

Face primer Encre de Peau All Hours Primer, YSL Beauty

This base makes it easier to apply the foundation, makes it last longer and helps to keep the matte finish until the evening. Instant perfection for the whole day!

Mattifying base for makeup, masking pores Instant Poreless Pore-Blurring Matifying Primer, Clarins

Despite its light texture, Instant Poreless mattifying base erases pores like an eraser! Thanks to the universal shade, this tool can be used as a base for makeup, or solo. In any case, you are guaranteed perfectly smooth porcelain skin.

Makeup base Photo Finish Foundation Primer, Smashbox

With this primer, you don't need Photoshop or Facetune, because it not only prolongs the durability of makeup, but also visually fills pores and wrinkles, evening out skin texture and tone.

Leveling and illuminating makeup base Radiant Boost Face Base, Kiko Milano

This base visibly improves and refreshes the complexion due to its delicate pinkish tint. The lightweight formula helps the product absorb quickly, smoothing imperfections and giving the skin a slight shimmer.

Makeup base UV Master Primer, Giorgio Armani

Ideal if you are concerned about enlarged pores and uneven skin texture in general. The base will smooth out unevenness and give a soft natural glow, as if you just returned from vacation. Speaking of vacations, this foundation will also come in handy there, because it contains UVA and UVB filters that provide sun protection with an SPF 40 factor.

Aqua-fluid for the face Moisture Genius, L'Oreal

Innovations on guard of your beauty! This product, enriched with aloe juice and hyaluronic acid, immediately turns into a liquid upon contact with the skin and is instantly absorbed, moisturizing the skin, normalizing the hydro-lipid balance and preventing the appearance of oily sheen. Amazing combination of moisturizer and primer!

Moisturizing cream primer for face Hydro Priming Cream InBetween, Blithe

This tool is not just a primer, but a complete care that is suitable for both morning and evening use. Thanks to its elastic formula, this cream is suitable for any skin type, effectively smoothing its texture, correcting tone and mattifying. Bonus: nice lavender scent.

Giant panda (bamboo bear) is a national treasure of China, in addition, it can be seen on the logo of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Below you will find out where you can see a panda in China, how long pandas live and much more, panda pictures by Bemorepanda.

Giant pandas are similar to bears, but differ in their characteristic black and white coloration. Panda's paws, eyes and ears are covered with black fur; a black strip also runs around the shoulders of the animal.

Have you noticed what color a panda's tail is? The tail of the giant panda is white! 

Giant pandas spend up to 14 hours a day eating. The fact is that the calorie content in bamboo is small, and the panda quickly begins to feel hungry again.

Having eaten, pandas go to bed for a period of 2 to 4 hours. When they wake up, they again go in search of food.

In addition to feeding and sleeping, giant pandas also climb trees. Yes, these huge clumsy bears can climb trees! Usually, pandas climb a tree to get away from danger, during the courtship period, and also to avoid stronger competitors.

Pandas eat the roots, shoots and leaves of bamboo. Bamboo makes up 99% of their daily diet. In addition to bamboo, they feed on some types of fruits.

1.Favourite food

2.Relaxing together

3.Look at me

4.Let me show my tongue

Giant pandas in captivity are fed special bread made from rice and corn flour, soy powder and eggs. Wild pandas also eat grasses, insects, mice and even lambs found in the surrounding villages.

Giant pandas in China live in the west and southwest of the country. The city of Chengdu is, without exaggeration, the best place to get acquainted with these cute animals. Here you can visit the big panda and get acquainted with the habits of the animal, which has become one of the symbols of the Celestial Empire.

Giant pandas are dearly loved not only by the people of China, but also by many foreigners - children and adults. The best places in China to see pandas are located in the Chengdu area, which is called the "homeland of the giant panda". In addition, the panda can be seen in zoos in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guilin and Hong Kong.

If you are curious to watch the panda in its natural habitat - come to Sichuan! More information on how to visit a giant panda is available on the China Panda Tours page.

Get even closer to see the panda by participating in a volunteer program at the China Center for the Conservation and Study of the Dujiangyan Giant Panda (CCRCGP) near Chengdu. Here you can take care and even feed the big panda.

5.Baby panda

6.Trying something new

7.This smile

As of 2014, there were only 1,864 giant pandas left in the wild. It is considered one of the rarest endangered species in the world, which is why the giant panda has adorned the logo of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) since the foundation of the organization in 1961.

Today, the only place suitable for the giant panda to live in its natural environment is in a remote mountainous region at an altitude of 1200 to 3100 meters above sea level. These are the foothills of Tibet in the provinces of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi.

Pandas can only live in vast bamboo forests because bamboo is their main food.

In the city of Chengdu, Sichuan province, there are large panda bases (for example, Bifengxia Bifengxia Giant Panda Nursery), where both wild pandas and those that live in captivity are taken care of. The most famous of them is the Giant Panda Research Center, located 10 km from the center of Chengdu.

The habitats of the giant panda are gradually disappearing due to deforestation and the development of agricultural production. There have also been cases of poaching in history. The disappearance of the natural environment for the panda has led to the fact that the animals are under the threat of extinction.

On September 5, 2016, the giant panda was moved from the endangered species list to the Vulnerable category.

8.Sunvibes

9.Good environment

10.Let me show you how to eat

The giant panda's natural habitat is protected by the Chinese government. Agricultural land is moving back into forest areas. In the event of an earthquake, rescued pandas are nurtured in a nature reserve and then released back into the wild.

The giant panda is the only vegetarian bear in the world. As a rule, in order not to starve to death, he needs to eat about 12 and a half kilograms of bamboo per day, because only 17 percent of the food consumed is digested. No wonder they spend 14 hours a day eating.

The reason for this inefficiency is simple - the panda's digestive system is unable to process bamboo leaves and shoots. According to Chinese scientists, these animals switched to plant foods only twenty thousand years ago - quite recently by the standards of evolution. During this time, their digestive tract did not have time to change: it is arranged in much the same way as in omnivorous animals. Pandas do not have a multi-chambered stomach or an elongated small intestine where plants are processed. There are no special genes responsible for the production of enzymes necessary for the digestion of plant fibers.

To extract at least some nutrients from the shoots and leaves of bamboo, the bacteria that live in their intestines - streptococci, E. coli and shigella - help the bears.

11.Play time

12.Legs up

13.Cool panda

Pandas extract many times less energy from food than, for example, cows or sheep, and they manage to survive on a plant-based diet only thanks to a special metabolism. As it turns out, pandas only need 1,100 calories a day. This is about 37 percent of the energy consumed by mammals of the same size and mass. Such an economy is not typical for any other animal species, except for sloths with their specific way of life.

Unlike sloths, pandas are quite active, although they move less and more slowly than other bears. In addition, their body temperature is lower than that of other mammals, but falls short of that characteristic of animals that have fallen into hibernation or anabiosis. The main secret to saving energy is a low metabolic rate, which has arisen due to a "breakdown" in the DUOX2 gene. It is involved in the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The levels of these substances in the body of pandas are even lower than those of a brown bear that has gone into hibernation.

Bamboo bears have the most energy-consuming organs—the brain, liver, and kidneys—are smaller than you might expect given their size. The mass of the brain is about 20 percent less than expected, and the weight of the kidneys and liver is 25 and 37 percent, respectively. All this allows giant pandas to survive on only bamboo leaves and shoots, even though the intestines are not able to digest them properly.

14.Mom and baby

15.Friends

16.Baby gang

17.Gymnastics

18.Climbing up

19.Good swing

20.Nap time

21.Cute panda

22.Breakfast

23.So gracious

24.My swing

25.Cuddles

26.These eyes

27.Don’t take him

28.Hi, Human

29.Let me take a nap

30.Hello

31.Tasty bamboo

32.Rawr

33.Passport picture

34.Cute face

35.Love nose

36.Hugs

37.Perfect place

38.Gang

39.Dinner

40.Hide and seek

41.Dancing

42.Food with friends

43.Yoga

44.Cute nap

45.Friends be like

46.Two little brothers

47.Let me escape

48.Baby time

49.So tiered

50.Kisses for mom

51.Sport be like

52.Thinking about food

53.Tasty food

54.Stretching

55.Two perfect colors

56.Stone chilling

57.Sleeping

58.Perfect position

59.Let me sleep here

60.Lovely panda

61.Boss panda

62.Baby panda

63.Wanna take a pic?

64.Food lover

65.Perfect time for food

66.Good times

67.Cuddles

68.Kisses

69.Friends nap

70.Baby panda hello

200 million copies sold is a staggering figure, especially for an indie game - Minecraft. Previously, only Tetris could boast of such sales, if you add up its two most popular versions: for Game Boy and mobile platforms. It seems that the creations of Markus "Notch" Persson and Alexey Pajitnov are located side by side in the rating for a reason: these projects have a lot in common.

Both developers started with a seemingly simple concept, inspired by third-party games. These were pentominoes, for the Swede - Dwarf Fortress and Infiniminer. The similarity is noticeable in the primitive technical design, but the lack of bright graphics did not confuse users either in the distant 80s or at the end of the Xbox 360 and PS3 era: in both cases, people only admired the innovative gameplay.

It's a pity that Aleksey managed to come up with Tetris in the wrong place and at the wrong time - otherwise, he would certainly have ensured a comfortable existence for himself for years to come, like his colleague from Sweden. Today we will talk about how a talented enthusiast changed the industry forever with just one game.

The future star of the indie scene fell ill with video games at school age - the reason for this was the Commodore 128 computer donated by his father. Even then, Markus realized that he wanted to devote himself to game development. Notch created his first game at the age of 9: according to him, it was "a text-based adventure where you had to enter extremely precise commands, otherwise you would lose." In addition, the obsession with games allowed the teenager to isolate himself from problems in the family: his parents divorced when he was 12, and his father abused alcohol and drugs. As a result, Persson did not even finish his studies at school and was forced to look for work at a minor age.

Bemorepanda collected some interesting facts.

1. Initially Creeper was not a mob - it appeared as a result of an error when creating a pig. Later, he was retextured and added the ability to explode.

2. The snow golem has a face behind a pumpkin mask.

3. With a 0.01% chance in the main menu instead of a large inscription "Minecraft" the name will appear with the error "Minecraft".

4. The language of the Wanderers of the Edge (Endermen) is English backwards.

5. The workbench in the Minecraft world can be used as a compass - on its northern part there will always be a texture with a saw and a hammer, regardless of the position of the player at the time the block is placed.

6. All cows in Minecraft are female, as they all give milk.

7. A pig can be turned into a zombie pig when struck by lightning.

Having mastered the intricacies of design and copywriting, Markus settled in a small web studio, where he helped with the development of sites. However, due to the subsequent collapse of the IT market, Notch quickly found himself on the street and for some time was completely unemployed. The fateful moment was employment in the Game Federation company, which is responsible for the digital distribution of games. There, Persson met Rolf Jansson, another obsessed gamer, with whom they began to create the multiplayer game Wurm Online in their free time. Developed in Java, this fantasy MMORPG already had elements of the future Minecraft: working closely with other players to build buildings and mine valuable resources. To fight with each other, however, also no one forbade.

In 2004, Markus moved to another company: Midasplayer, later renamed King, where the famous Candy Crush was made. Working on browser games helped Notch improve his knowledge of programming and instilled confidence in himself, so by 2007 the game designer had lost all interest in Wurm Online, and two years later he left Midasplayer due to disagreements with his superiors. Persson found a new job almost immediately, in the same 2009, joining the ranks of the authors of jAlbum, an application for creating online albums. Of course, for Marcus it was just a way to make money - his main passion remained games, as well as the dream of a multiplayer sandbox that would have thundered throughout the industry.

8. And if you hit the Creeper with lightning, it will become charged. The strength and radius of the explosion will be increased.

9. The Enderman cannot be hit by an arrow from a bow, a snowball, or an egg. You can't drop an anvil on it either.

10. However, if you shoot him with an arrow with an effect, then even though the arrow does not hit the mob, he will still receive its effect.

11. The chest cannot be set on fire or moved by a piston.

12. Ifrit caught in the web cannot shoot. He can also be hit with snowballs.

13. The spawning of Slugs depends on the phase of the moon - most of them will be on the full moon, and on the new moon the spawning of Slugs is suspended.

14. The hieroglyphs in the enchantment table are not spontaneously drawn letters, but a real cipher that makes sense.

Freedom of action and construction are two global ideas that haunted the developer. While working at Midasplayer, Notch came across Dwarf Fortress, which combines elements of a roguelike and a building simulator. Subsequently, he created a prototype called RubyDung, which largely repeated the concept of the above game, but in an isometric perspective. Remembering Dungeon Keeper from the notorious Peter Molyneux, Persson dreamed of implementing a first-person view, but in the end he was dissatisfied with the result and put RubyDung on the back burner.

Notch was able to gather all his ideas together and fully start developing the future Minecraft only after he met Infiniminer, released in 2009. Created by American Zachary Barth, the competitive sandbox sent players into teams into a procedurally generated underground world, the goal of which was to mine ore and bring it to the surface.

The blocky structure and the first-person view that Markus couldn't implement properly in RubyDung became exactly the very pieces of the puzzle that he lacked - and then it was all over.

An unpleasant circumstance for Zachary helped Persson speed up development: the Infiniminer source code quickly leaked to the Web. This incident greatly upset Bart - he subsequently abandoned the further development of the game.

15. Creepers, although they do not have arms, are still able to climb stairs.

16. There is a misconception that obsidian cannot be broken by hand. This is not true - in this case, it will take 4 minutes and 10 seconds to destroy it. However, having broken it, it will not fall out, since, accordingly, it can only be mined with a diamond pickaxe.

17. Never sleep in the Lower World. When interacting with the bed, it will explode and you will receive damage.

18. In the earliest versions of the game, skeletons had a small chance to drop a quiver. He was allowed to shoot from a bow without wasting arrows. This item was soon removed, and the Infinity enchantment was added with the same effect.

19. A cactus in the house can be used instead of a trash can - when a dropped item touches it, it disappears.

20. Renaming a mob with a tag using the names "Grumm" or "Dinnerbone" will flip that mob's game model.

As for Notch, he combined the developments borrowed from the American with his own and in the same 2009 posted a test version of Minecraft (then known as the Cave Game) on the TIGSource indie developer forum. The work of the Swede has received a positive response from members of the community, many of whom began to give Marcus advice on how to improve the game. Realizing that things were going to succeed, Notch founded the Mojang studio with Karl Mannech and Jacob Porser, after which he began to actively develop his offspring. However, he abandoned further support for the browser version, later called Minecraft Classic, in favor of a paid client. Access to the latter cost $ 13 - not the most modest amount by the standards of indie. However, the unusual concept and word of mouth did the trick, with Notch selling over 1,000 copies in just a month.

In fairness, we must admit that the first versions of Minecraft were a rather pathetic sight. At first, everything looked like a shameless clone of Infiniminer: two types of objects (grass and cobblestones) and primitive functionality, limited by the ability to mine and place blocks. But with the passage of time and as interest in the project grew, Markus added more and more new features to Minecraft - the survival mode became the most global. The idea to launch the player into a world full of dangers and mysteries, where there is no specific goal, but you need to somehow find food for yourself, was later reflected not only in dozens (if not hundreds) of indie projects, but also in the creations of eminent studios: suffice it to recall though would be The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, which managed to radically reinvent the series, including at the suggestion of Minecraft.

In parallel with the release of updates, the fan community also grew rapidly. Unprecedented replay value, multiplied by online multiplayer, paid off: even before the release of the release version on November 18, 2011, 4 million paid copies were sold, and the total number of players was 16 million. It is also worth noting that YouTubers played an important role in the popularization of Minecraft, who flooded video hosting with their let's plays. In addition, players were happy to use modding tools that allowed them to create whatever they wanted in Minecraft: from banal reskins to changes in mechanics. And a year or two after the PC release, the console versions of the sandbox arrived in time - but, alas, without the support of modifications.

21. If you rename a large or medium slug, then after killing it, smaller slugs will also keep the name given to the "ancestor".

22. The most interesting thing about the tags: if you rename the sheep to "jeb_", then it will become iridescent. Jeb_ is the nickname of one of the developers of the game.

23. A little about the developers: Notch and Jeb_ (Markus Persson and Jens Bergensten, respectively) were included in the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 according to Time magazine.

24. The concept for the black and white cat in Minecraft was Jens's real cat, Newton.

25. The smallest mobs in the game are the turtle baby, the Ender silverfish and the bat.

26. If you die in a battle with Gast, or be in his field of vision at the time of death, then he will still shoot at you until you respawn.

27. Putting a pumpkin on your head, you can easily look at the Wanderers of the Land - they will not attack you.

28. Skeletons usually have a bow in the right hand, but with a 5% chance it can appear in the left.

29. On Halloween (October 31), zombies and skeletons may appear with a pumpkin or Jack O'Lantern on their heads.

30. And on December 24-25, the chests take on a festive Christmas look.

31. If a chicken/pig/cow/sheep are killed while being set on fire, the meat that falls from them will be immediately fried.

32. Rider skeleton will spawn on a spider with a 1% chance.

33. Any spiders are invulnerable to poisoning potion.

34. Cave spiders only spawn near the spawner.

35. A witch cannot burn in lava or drown in water.

36. Endermen take water damage. Moreover, they can be damaged with a water bottle.

37. Initially, potions were supposed to be brewed in cauldrons, but later the method of their creation was replaced with a brewing stand.

38. An iron golem can give villagers or children a flower. This is a reference to the anime Laputa Castle in the Sky.

39. The Iron Golem, along with the Ravager, is the third mob in the game in terms of health (100 HP). In first place is the Wither (300 HP), and in the second place is the Ender Dragon (200 HP).

40. Snowballs can repel Ghast fireballs.

41. A zombie villager can be cured by throwing a potion of weakness at him and right-clicking with a golden apple.

42. If you put a carpet on top of the fence, then you can jump over such a structure, but mobs cannot.

43. It is possible to change the color of the beacon beam. It is enough to put a block of glass of the color you want to paint the beam with.

44. When you find an End Portal, some Ender Eyes will already be framed. Bottom line: there is a one in a trillion chance that all the frames will be filled and the Portal will be immediately activated.

45. Holding a dye and right-clicking on a sign will allow you to change the color of the inscription.

46. The game was not considered complete for another two years. Since the release of Minecraft on PC, Mojang has periodically released updates to the game, only announcing the full version of the game on November 18, 2011.

47. The first name of the toy was not Minecraft. When Persson first started developing the game, he called the project Cave Game. And only after some time it grew into the name Minecraft: first, the project was renamed Order of the Stone (Stone mining), and then, finally, just Minecraft (Mining craft).

48. When was Minecraft created? In 2009, Swedish programmer and designer Markus Persson (better known to fans under the affectionate nickname Notch (Notch)) decided to create a sandbox game that would allow free and easy exploration of the virtual world, and at the same time create his own new company, under named Mojang AB.

49. Persson began work on Minecraft on May 10, 2009 and made the final changes to the game on May 16 of the same year. The alpha version of Minecraft was released the very next day.

50. A very interesting character in Minecraft is Enderman. The speech of this creature is almost incomprehensible to the human ear, but in most of its exclamations, English words and phrases (including "hiya", "here", "this way", "forever", and "what's up?") are voiced in reverse okay.